BLE Range Estimator
Calculate the theoretical communication range of a BLE link based on TX power, receiver sensitivity, PHY mode, and environmental conditions using the log-distance path loss model.
Radio Parameters
-20 dBm
+20 dBm
-130 dBm (Coded)
-70 dBm
0 dB (none)
30 dB (reliable)
Environment
1.5 (corridor)
5.0 (dense obstructions)
Ideal free-space propagation with no obstacles or reflections. Theoretical maximum range.
Outdoor with clear line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver. Parks, fields, rooftops.
Outdoor with some obstacles like trees, buildings in the path. Typical urban environment.
Large open indoor areas like convention halls, open-plan offices with few walls.
Standard office environment with drywall partitions and cubicles.
Dense indoor environments with metal shelving, equipment, or thick walls.
Factory or warehouse with heavy machinery, metal structures, and electromagnetic interference.
Link Budget
| TX Power | |
| RX Sensitivity | |
| Fade Margin | |
| Allowable Path Loss |
Path Loss = TX Power - RX Sensitivity - Fade Margin
Estimated Range
Relative coverage area
Formula
PL(d) = PL(d₀) + 10n·log₁₀(d/d₀)
PL(d₀) = Path loss at 1m reference ( dB at 2.4 GHz)
n = Path loss exponent ()
d₀ = 1 meter reference distance
PHY Comparison
Frequently Asked Questions
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